Connectivity & Infrastructure
Deep dives on private circuits, IP transit, cloud on-ramps, optical fibre, CDNs, submarine cables, IXPs, BGP and operational resilience.
Google & Meta Submarine Cables: Global Capacity, Future Investments and Carrier Partnerships
Hyperscaler-owned cable portfolios — Dunant, Equiano, Grace Hopper, 2Africa, Amitié, Anjana, Project Waterworth — plus the Telxius, Vodafone, Orange, Bayobab and Aqua Comms partnerships behind them.
Global Connectivity: Submarine Cables, IXPs, and BGP
How a packet from Singapore reaches a server overseas through submarine cables, peering, transit and BGP.
IP Transit Explained: BGP, Routes, Peering and Internet Reachability
BGP routing, full tables, default routes, peering, multihoming, SLAs and provider checks.
Cloud Connect and On-Ramps Explained
Private cloud connectivity, cross-connects, hosted connections, routing, redundancy and latency.
Starlink Satellite Internet Explained: LEO Satellites, Phased Arrays and Low-Latency Broadband
How Starlink uses low Earth orbit, phased-array antennas, beam steering, gateways and laser links to deliver broadband where fibre cannot reach.
Layer 1 vs Layer 2 Point-to-Point Circuits
How optical transport and Ethernet private line services differ, and when each belongs in a WAN or DCI design.
Optical Fiber Communications Systems Explained
Fibre types, transceivers, wavelengths, DWDM, attenuation, dispersion, splicing and testing.
Content Delivery Networks Explained: CDN Caching, Edge and Security
Caching, edge locations, origin shielding, dynamic acceleration, TLS, WAF and DDoS protection.
International Submarine Network Operations and Maintenance
How subsea networks are monitored, repaired and restored: NOCs, cable ships, permits and route diversity.